JAKARTA  – A rare Javan rhinoceros calf has been sighted at Ujung Kulon National Park in Indonesia, igniting optimism for the preservation of one of the world’s most endangered mammals. This remarkable discovery offers a glimmer of hope for the survival of these majestic creatures.

The Javan Rhino: A Precious Rarity

• Population Status: The Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus) is critically endangered, with only around 70 animals surviving in the wild. Their last stronghold is the Ujung Kulon National Park on Java Island.
• Conservation Challenges: These rhinos face multiple threats, including illegal trade, habitat loss, and disease. A single catastrophic event could wipe out the entire population.

The Calf’s Arrival

• Camera Traps: The calf, estimated to be between three and five months old, was captured on video by one of the 126 camera traps installed within Ujung Kulon National Park.
• Walking with Its Mother: The footage shows the young rhino walking alongside its mother, both navigating the lush rainforest—their last refuge.

A Cause for Celebration

• Breeding Success: Senior environment ministry official Satyawan Pudyatmoko expressed joy, stating, “Praise God, this is good news and proves that Javan rhinos, which only exist in Ujung Kulon, can breed properly.”
• Population Decline Reversed?: After years of decline, authorities now believe there are 82 rare rhinos within the sanctuary. This 120,000-hectare haven of rainforest and freshwater streams remains their final stronghold.

Genetic Diversity and Challenges

• Inbreeding Concerns: Genetic studies reveal low genetic diversity within the Javan rhino population. Inbreeding depression can lead to reduced fitness and increased vulnerability to diseases.
• Sex Imbalance: The population has significantly fewer adult females than males. Only a handful of breeding females remain, and their ability to replenish the population remains uncertain.

Future Strategies

• Captive Breeding: To counter genetic issues, conservationists propose establishing a captive-breeding population. However, the current habitat’s capacity to support more animals is a concern.
• Tree Felling for Feeding Areas: Researchers suggest selectively cutting down large trees within the park to create new clearings for rhinos to feed. This could enhance food availability and potentially boost breeding success.

A Collective Effort

The Javan rhino’s survival hinges on collaborative efforts —government agencies, conservation organizations, and local communities must work together to protect this ancient species.
(zai)